Evaluation of hypercalciuria in patients receiving intravenous Cefotaxime Zahra Kalantari, Parsa Yousefichaijan, Manijeh Kahbazi, Ali Arjmand Shabestari Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 2019 8(5):1558-1561 Introduction: Cefotaxime is one of the third generation cephalosporins, which is used against many infections. This drug has a urinary excretion and potentially may have nephrotoxic effects. Hypercalciuria can cause important complications, including the formation of kidney stones. In the recent study, we decided to evaluate hypercalciuria in children receiving cefotaxime. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in Amirkabir hospital (Arak, Iran), where 30 children received intravenous cefotaxime were placed in the case group and 30 children without intravenous administration of cefotaxime were included in the control group. The ratio of calcium to creatinine was measured in both groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23. Results: This study showed that the ratios of male and female children in both the groups were 19 (63.3%) and 11 (36.7%) respectively, the mean age of children in the case group was 2.36 years with a standard deviation of 0.71 and the mean age of the children in the control group was 5.18 years with a standard deviation of 3.31. The ratios of urine calcium to creatinine in the case and control groups were 0.90 with a standard deviation of 1.79 and 0.37 with a standard deviation of 0.44 (P value = 0.003). Conclusion: According to the above results, it is concluded that receiving intravenous cefotaxime may increase calcium to creatinine ratio in children.