How Might Maternal Poverty Impact the Course of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome? Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS) is an increasing problem in the midst of the current opioid epidemic, frequently associated with pharmacologic treatment and prolonged hospitalizations. NOWS is a highly variable condition with many clinical and genetic variables contributing to the clinical course. Social variables such as maternal poverty remain understudied. In this commentary, we review one of the first studies of the association between maternal poverty and infant hospital length of stay in infants with NOWS. This has important implications for designing population level interventions to improve NOWS outcomes. Send correspondence to Elisha M. Wachman, MD, Boston Medical Center, 771 Albany Street, Dowling 4103, Boston, MA 02118. E-mail: Elisha.Wachman@bmc.org Received 26 March, 2019 Accepted 31 March, 2019 Financial disclosures: No funding was provided for this manuscript. Dr Wachman has no conflicts of interest to disclose. © 2019 American Society of Addiction Medicine