High-intensity focused ultrasound for localized prostate Cancer , Shu-Wei Tsai, Teh-Sheng Hsieh Journal of Cancer Research and Practice 2019 6(2):64-67 Purpose: The purpose of this study is to report our results regarding the use of transrectal high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: From January 2012 to January 2017, 57 patients with localized prostate cancer (cT1c-T2cN0M0) were treated with an Ablatherm™ HIFU device. Of these patients, we excluded those with <12 months of follow-up. In total, 33 patients with localized prostate cancer were enrolled in this study. We assessed the efficacy according to posttreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and complications. PSA levels were monitored immediately after HIFU therapy as well as every 3 months thereafter. Biochemical failure was defined as an increase in PSA of 2 ng/mL or more above the PSA nadir. Result: The mean age of all patients was 69.12 ± 8.21 (range: 49–80) years,and the average pretreatment PSA level was 15.19 ± 12.89 (range: 4.44–62.91) ng/mL. The Gleason score ranged from 6 (3 + 3) to 9 (4 + 5) and the mean prostate volume was 38.72 ± 17.90 (range: 21–77) mL. The mean follow-up duration was 36.4 ± 10.8 (range: 13–60) months.Ten patients were classified as low risk, 10 patients were classified as intermittent risk, and 13 patients were classified as high risk according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines regarding the risk of recurrence. The PSA levels of all patients decreased significantly after HIFU therapy, and an undetectable PSA (0.04 ng/mL) level was observed in four patients (12.12%). The posttreatment mean PSA nadir was 0.609 ± 0.91 (range: 3.21–0.04) ng/mL, and the mean follow-up duration was 3.1 ± 1.9 (range: 1–8) months. The survival rate was 100%. The PSA biochemical failure rate was 27.3% (9/33). Posttreatment complications included urge incontinence (3/33), total urinary incontinence (0/33), bladder neck contracture (5/33), and urethral stricture (1/33). Conclusion: HIFU therapy appeared to be an effective minimally invasive therapy with acceptable complication rate in selected localized prostate cancer patients.