Lymphome cérébral primitif après immunothérapie d’un mélanome métastatique Publication date: Available online 20 May 2019 Source: Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie Author(s): M. Castel, C. Cotten, A. Deschamps-Huvier, M.-H. Commin, F. Marguet, F. Jardin, A.-B. Duval-Modeste, P. Joly RésuméIntroductionLes anticorps anti-PD-1 et anti-CTLA-4 sont des inhibiteurs de checkpoints du système immunitaire utilisés dans le traitement du mélanome. Les anti-PD-1 ont été récemment validés comme traitement du lymphome de Hodgkin. Le lymphome cérébral primitif est une forme rare de lymphome non hodgkinien pour lequel il existe peu de traitements efficaces. Des études ont montré l’efficacité des anticorps anti-PD-1 dans des lymphomes non hodgkiniens, dont le lymphome cérébral primitif.ObservationUn patient de 59 ans présentait un mélanome métastatique traité depuis plusieurs mois par immunothérapie (anti-CTLA-4, puis anti-PD-1). Après 28 cures, le pembrolizumab était arrêté devant une rémission complète du mélanome. Une hémiparésie gauche survenait deux mois après l’arrêt de l’immunothérapie, révélant un lymphome cérébral primitif évolutif. Une chimiothérapie par méthotrexate à hautes doses était débutée, sans efficacité. Malgré une seconde ligne de traitement par chimiothérapie R-ICE (rituximab-ifosfamide, carboplatine et étoposide), le patient décédait des suites de son lymphome cérébral.DiscussionPlusieurs hypothèses peuvent être avancées quant à un lien éventuel entre l’immunothérapie et la survenue du lymphome cérébral. Nous pouvons évoquer le contrôle d’un lymphome méconnu par l’immunothérapie, suivi d’un échappement et d’une progression rapide à l’arrêt du traitement, mais l’hypothèse d’un lymphome induit par l’immunothérapie n’est pas exclue. Enfin, l’immunothérapie peut n’avoir joué aucun rôle, l’association entre lymphome et mélanome étant bien connue.ConclusionMalgré l’impossibilité de conclure sur l’imputabilité de l’immunothérapie dans la survenue du lymphome cérébral primitif, ce cas soulève de nombreuses questions sur le possible rôle de l’immunothérapie dans la survenue de cancers secondaires, dont des lymphomes.SummaryBackgroundAnti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies are used in melanoma, while anti-PD-1 are also used in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Primary central nervous system lymphoma is a rare form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with few effective treatments. However, several recent studies have reported multiple cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma treated by anti-PD-1 antibodies with favourable responses.Patients and methodsThis study focuses on the case of a 59-year-old man with metastatic melanoma treated by immunotherapy (anti-CTLA-4 followed by anti-PD-1). He underwent 28 courses of therapy with pembrolizumab. Treatment was stopped after clinical and radiological remission. The patient presented left hemiparesis and a primary central nervous system lymphoma was diagnosed two months after discontinuation of immunotherapy. He started urgent high-dose methotrexate chemotherapy but without significant results. Despite second-line chemotherapy with R-ICE (rituximab-ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide), the patient died.DiscussionSeveral hypotheses may be advanced regarding a possible relationship between immunotherapy and the occurrence of this primary central nervous system lymphoma. The lymphoma may have been pre-existing and controlled by immunotherapy, but progressing rapidly after treatment, or it may have been induced by the immunotherapy. However, immunotherapy may have played no role; the relationship between melanoma and lymphoma is well known.ConclusionWhile immunotherapy cannot be unequivocally incriminated in primary central nervous system lymphoma, this case raises many questions about the imputability of immunotherapy in the occurrence of secondary cancers, including lymphomas. |
ΩτοΡινοΛαρυγγολόγος Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00302841026182,00306932607174,
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Δευτέρα 27 Μαΐου 2019
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Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00302841026182,00306932607174,alsfakia@gmail.com,
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00302841026182,
00306932607174,
alsfakia@gmail.com,
Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,
Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis
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