Infections humaines à poxvirus Publication date: Available online 9 May 2019 Source: Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie Author(s): G. Bohelay, T.-A. Duong Résumé
Les infections à poxvirus (PXV) sont fréquemment responsables de manifestations cutanées. En France, certaines poxviroses sont fréquentes et bénignes (molluscum contagiosum), alors que d’autres sont exceptionnelles mais potentiellement graves (cowpoxvirus [CPXV]). Si seuls le virus de la variole et le molluscum contagiosum virus sont à réservoir humain et à transmission interhumaine, la plupart des infections à poxvirus sont des zoonoses avec un réservoir animal distinct. Seule une partie des poxvirus est responsable d’infections humaines, mais l’augmentation du nombre des nouveaux animaux de compagnie, parfois exotiques, et la rapidité des voyages internationaux exposent au risque de transmission de PXV zoonotiques à de nouveaux vecteurs et leur diffusion, à de nouvelles régions du monde. En France, le molluscum contagiosum, l’orf et le nodule du trayeur sont responsables de multiples consultations et sont bien connus des dermatologues. Toutefois d’autres parapoxvirus de présentations proches de l’orf ne doivent pas être méconnus ; ainsi le CPXV ou le monkeypox virus sont considérés comme des virus potentiellement émergents avec un fort risque d’épidémie et de diffusion du fait de l’exacerbation des transports internationaux et de la perte de la protection vaccinale antivariolique. Enfin, malgré une éradication déclarée, la variole fait l’objet d’une surveillance du fait d’un risque potentiel de réintroduction accidentelle ou volontaire par le bioterrorisme.
Summary
Poxvirus (PXV) infections are a common cause of cutaneous signs. In France, certain forms of poxvirus are frequent and benign (molluscum contagiosum), while others are rare but potentially serious (cowpox virus [CPXV]). Whereas only smallpox and molluscum contagiosum viruses have a human reservoir and are transmitted between humans, most poxvirus infections are zoonoses having only animal reservoirs. Only a small number of poxviruses are responsible for infection in humans, but the increasing number of new pets, some of which are exotic, coupled with the rapid rise in international travel are creating a greater risk of transmission of zoonotic PXV to new vectors and of spread of these diseases to new regions throughout the world. In France, molluscum contagiosum, orf and milkers’ nodule give rise to numerous consultations and are well known to dermatologists. However, dermatologists must also be able to identify other parapoxviruses of similar presentation to orf; thus, CPXV and monkeypox are considered potentially emergent viruses with a high risk of epidemic and spread due to increasing international transport and the loss of the maximum protection against smallpox. Finally, despite its declared eradication, smallpox is currently being monitored because of the potential risk of reintroduction, whether accidentally or deliberately through bioterrorism.
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ΩτοΡινοΛαρυγγολόγος Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00302841026182,00306932607174,
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Παρασκευή 24 Μαΐου 2019
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Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00302841026182,00306932607174,alsfakia@gmail.com,
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00302841026182,
00306932607174,
alsfakia@gmail.com,
Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,
Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis
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