Astrocytes as Mediators of Integration Processes in the Brain Abstract— The role of astroglial cells is much more complicated than the notion of an “elastic framework,” which provides structural and metabolic support for brain structures. Astrocytes can affect synaptic processes by participating in the transmission of information by releasing or modulating the activity of neurotransmitters. In vitro and in situ studies revealed a large spectrum of molecules secreted by neuroglial cells. Analysis of the patterns that accompany the secretory mission of astrocytes led to the term “gliotransmission,” which gave rise to a new understanding of plastic regulation of the synaptic function and organization of the neural network, memory, and cognitive processes. The concept of the integrating mission of astroglia also opens up new opportunities for understanding the mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases and identifying new targets for therapy.