Cognizance & oral health status among pregnant females- A cross sectional survey Publication date: January–March 2020 Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, Volume 10, Issue 1 Author(s): Anubha Agarwal, Jaya Chaturvedi, Jyotsna Seth, Ranjeeta Mehta

Polycaprolactone as biomaterial for bone scaffolds: Review of literature Publication date: January–March 2020 Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, Volume 10, Issue 1 Author(s): Ruby Dwivedi, Sumit Kumar, Rahul Pandey, Aman Mahajan, Deepti Nandana, Dhirendra S. Katti, Divya Mehrotra Abstract Bone tissue engineering using polymer based scaffolds have been studied a lot in last decades. Considering the qualities of all the polymers desired to be used as scaffolds, Polycaprolactone (PCL) polyester apart from being biocompatible and biodegradable qualifies to an appreciable level due its easy availability, cost efficacy and suitability for modification. Its adjustable physio-chemical state, biological properties and mechanical strength renders it to withstand physical, chemical and mechanical, insults without significant loss of its properties. This review aims to critically analyse the efficacy of PCL as a biomaterial for bone scaffolds.

Osseodensification –– A systematic review and qualitative analysis of published literature Publication date: January–March 2020 Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, Volume 10, Issue 1 Author(s): Ninad Milind Padhye, Ashvini Mukul Padhye, Neel B. Bhatavadekar Abstract The recently introduced technique of osseodensification for dental implant involves the use of special drills (Densah) run in a counter-clockwise direction at the osteotomy site. It is claimed that this causes expansion of the osteotomy site, and increases density of the bone in immediate vicinity of the osteotomy. We reviewed published papers on the primary stability attained using this drilling technique. As a secondary finding, the bone to implant contact (BIC) and the bone area fraction occupancy (BAF) was also compared between the conventional drilling protocol and the osseodensification protocol, among these articles. A Systematic search was performed in PubMed-Medline, Embase and Google Scholar for clinical/animal studies up to November 2018. A total of 12 articles, from a database of 132 articles, consisting of 8 animal histologic studies, 2 human based clinical studies, 1 case series and 1 case report were assessed. 10/12 articles measured the insertion torque values, 7/12 articles measured the BIC and 6/12 articles estimated the BAF between the two techniques. Quality assessment of 8 studies performed using ARRIVE guidelines showed that 6/8 studies had a high score. An average increase in the insertion torque, BIC and BAF was noted in the osseodensification group as compared to the conventional drilling group. Since most of these studies are non-clinical, it can be inferred that osseodensification is an efficient way to enhance primary stability of implants in low density bone in an animal model. However, extrapolation to long term clinical success cannot be ascertained until further evidence becomes available.

Effect of different abutment materials (zirconia or titanium) on the crestal bone height in 1 year Publication date: January–March 2020 Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, Volume 10, Issue 1 Author(s): Vinayak Bharate, Yogesh Kumar, Dheeraj Koli, Gunjan Pruthi, Veena Jain

Expression of CD34, VEGFR3 and eosinophil density in selected odontogenic tumors- a pilot study Publication date: January–March 2020 Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, Volume 10, Issue 1 Author(s): MohammadSina ArabSheibani, Safoura Seifi, Jahanshah Salehinejad, Ali Bijani Abstract Background Limited statistically and clinically significant studies have been down on connective tissue factors in the odontogenic tumors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the biological behavior of two selected epithelial odontogenic tumors (Ameloblastoma and Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor) by detecting CD34, VEGFR3 and eosinophil densities. Methods In this cross-sectional study, paraffin blocks including 20 cases of ameloblastoma and 20 (AOT), were selected. Totally, 4 sections were prepared for hematoxylin-eosin, Congo red staining, immunohistochemistry with CD34 and VEGFR3. Expression of VEGFR3, CD34 and lymphatic, blood vessels and eosinophil densities was examined. Results The mean of blood, lymphatic vessels and eosinophils densities in ameloblastoma were 14.9 ± 6.4, 4.4 ± 2 and 3.2 ± 2.7, respectively; and in AOT, they were 8.9 ± 3.4, 3.6 ± 1.3 and 1.2 ± 07, respectively. There was a significant difference in eosinophils and blood vessels densities between the two lesions (p = 0.005; p = 0.003). By increasing the density of eosinophils, the density of the blood vessels increased in both lesions (r = 0.539, P = 0.001) There was no positive relationship between eosinophils and lymphatic vessels densities in the two above mentioned odontogenic lesions (p = 0.288, R = 0.191) Conclusion It can be suggested that tumor angiogenesis and eosinophil densities may play a more effective role than lymphangiogenesis in local invasive behavior of ameloblastoma rather than AOT.

Poly hydroxyalkanoates (PHA): Role in bone scaffolds Publication date: January–March 2020 Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, Volume 10, Issue 1 Author(s): Ruby Dwivedi, Rahul Pandey, Sumit Kumar, Divya Mehrotra Abstract Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are prokaryotic macromolecules accumulated within the cytoplasm as granules. Due to their suitable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, degradation time, ability to be blended, surface modified, and form copolymers, it is widely used in medical devices and as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. This review describes in brief the production and extraction sources, physico-chemical characteristic, mechanical properties, degradation rate and applications of various PHAs and its copolymers with special emphasis to its role as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering.

Morphometric analysis of nasopalatine foramen in Sri Lankan population using CBCT Publication date: Available online 3 December 2019 Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research Author(s): R.M. Jayasinghe, P.V.K.S. Hettiarachchi, M.C.N. Fonseka, D. Nanayakkara, R.D. Jayasighe Abstract Nasopalatine canal (NPC) is an important anatomical structure present in the anterior mid maxilla. It has the synonyms of incisive canal or anterior palatine canal. The objective of this study was to identify the morphometeric characteristics of the NPC in group of Sri Lankan people using Cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) and to determine normal morphological course and anatomical variations. Fifty Maxillary CBCT images of anterior maxilla, obtained from the archives of the University Dental Hospital, Peradeniya were retrospectively analyzed to determine the position of the NPC. Morphology, canal dimension of NPC and its relation to the maxilla. Majority had a single opening (48%) or 2 openings (46%). Average diameter of the canal was 3.692 mm with a range of 2 to 6 mm. Majority of the canals had funnel shape and were vertically curved. Average length of canal was 12.142mm and angulations of the curvature was 115.6940. Average antero-posterior diameter at nasal fossa was 2.852mm, at mid-palate 2.366mm and at hard palate 3.034mm. Our findings were different from the findings reported in the literature. This may be due to the differences in ethnicity or limited size of sample. Within the limits of this study, we conclude that the form of the NPC is variable; predominantly funnel shaped with a single or two openings and with an average diameter of 3.7mm in Sri Lankan population. Identification of variations in the position and shape will help in clinical practice specially in introducing local anesthetic block injections during dental treatment.

Assessment of Eustachian Tube Functioning following surgical intervention of Oral Submucus Fibrosis by using Tympanometry & Audiometry. Publication date: Available online 27 November 2019 Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research Author(s): Sreea Roy, Abhay Taranath Kamath, Manish Bhagania, Adarsh Kudva, Kishan Madikeri Mohan ABSTRACT Oral Submucus fibrosis has been reported to cause variation in hearing sensitivity & changes in middle ear function. This study was conducted to validate the influence of OSMF and its surgical correction on middle ear function and hearing sensitivity. In this study, 20 patients (40 ears) suffering from biopsy proven OSMF (Group 2 & 3) were tested for Middle ear dysfunction and hearing sensitivity using Tympanometry & Audiometry. On Tympanometry, Type A curve was obtained in 29 ears, Type B curve in 11 ears preoperatively. Immediate postoperatively TYPE A curve was obtained in 27 ears, TYPE B curve in 13 ears. After 1 month and 3 month Type B curve was not obtained in any ear. On Audiometry,28 ears showed normal hearing and 12 ears showed minimal conductive hearing loss preoperatively and Immediate postoperatively. Tests after 1 month and 3 months showed all 40 ears having normal hearing. Results were found statistically significant with p value 0.000 and F value of 11.331 in Tympanometry and 11.143 in Audiometry. Pearson correlation test revealed that results from both the test are highly co related (0.902). OSMF causes fibrotic changes in paratubal muscles which in addition with restricted mouth opening hampers proper Eustachian tube functioning in turn causing changes in Middle ear function. This feature is seldom/infrequently found in Group 2 and 3 and if encountered can be dealt effectively with surgical intervention.

Mandible and iliac osteoblasts exhibit different Wnt signaling responses to LMHF vibration Publication date: October–December 2019 Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, Volume 9, Issue 4 Author(s): Anute Pravitharangul, Srisurang Suttapreyasri, Chidchanok Leethanakul Abstract Objective The jaw bones and long bones have distinct developmental origins and respond differently to mechanical stimuli. This study aimed to compare the Wnt signaling responses of human mandible osteoblasts and long bone osteoblasts to low-magnitude, high-frequency (LMHF) mechanical vibration in vitro. Methods Primary human osteoblast cultures were prepared from mandibular bone (n = 3) and iliac bone (n = 3) specimens (six individuals). Osteoblast cell lines were subjected to vibration (0, 30, 60, 90, or 120 Hz) for 30 min. After 24 h, cells were vibrated for 30 min again, then harvested immediately to quantify Wnt10b, Wnt5a and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) mRNA expression, β-catenin protein expression and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Results Mandible and iliac osteoblasts responded differently to LMHF vibration: Wnt10b mRNA was upregulated by the frequency range tested; Wnt5a, β-catenin protein expression and RUNX2 mRNA expression were not altered. Furthermore, vibration upregulated ALP activity in mandible osteoblasts, but not in iliac osteoblasts. Conclusions This study demonstrates mandible osteoblasts and long bone osteoblasts respond differently to LMHF mechanical vibration in terms of Wnt signaling expression and ALP activity. Therefore, the effects of whole-body vibration on the long bones cannot be generalized to the jaw bones. Furthermore, osteoblast-like cells mediate the cellular responses to vibration, at least in part, by secreting extracellular signaling molecules.

Myriad facades of keratocanthoma: Benignity VS malignancy Publication date: October–December 2019 Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, Volume 9, Issue 4 Author(s): Pooja Sharma, Anjali Narwal, Mala Kamboj Abstract Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a self-limiting benign epithelial neoplasm. It occurs predominantly on sun-exposed areas of the body and is believed to arise from hair follicle. It shows a unique behavior in being clinically benign and microscopically malignant. Earlier it was considered as a pseudomalignant lesion but now it is believed to be pseudobenign in nature. The most common concern is related to its nosological position at the border of malignancy and benignity. We hereby report a rare case of keratoacanthomatous type of squamous cell carcinoma in an elderly female showing aggressive nature of the lesion. The various terminologies used for KA in the past have also been tabulated.