Repercussions of diabetes mellitus on the oral cavity Paras Ahmad, Usman Akhtar, Ahmed Chaudhry, Usman Rahid, Sarmad Saif, Jawaad Ahmed Asif European Journal of General Dentistry 2019 8(3):55-62 Oral health is a cardinal element of nutritional as well as systemic well-being and plays a substantial part in sustaining optimum general health condition. Various factors influence oral health including metabolic diseases such as endocrine (diabetes mellitus [DM]), hematological, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, and neurological diseases. The intent of this review is to accentuate the correlation between DM and oral disorders, like those upsetting oral mucosa and supporting tissues. A review of literature was performed using relevant key words (“Oral Manifestations of Diabetes” OR “Oral Complications of Diabetes” OR “Oral Impacts of Diabetes” OR “Oral Repercussions of Diabetes”) in prominent journals pertaining to Endocrinology and Dentistry (Journal of Periodontology, Periodontology 2000, British Dental Journal, The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, PloS ONE, and Nature Reviews Genetics). The most frequently witnessed diabetic manifestations in oral cavity include gingivitis and periodontitis leading to premature tooth loss, salivary dysfunctions, dental caries, delayed wound healing, bacterial and fungal infections, lichen planus, taste impairment, tongue abnormalities, neurosensory oral disorders, halitosis, and dry socket. In the end, I have comprehensively described the role of antidiabetic drugs in the management of DM and eventually leading to prevention of its oral complications. In this review, etiopathophysiology of each oral complication has been prudently analyzed to contemplate the establishment of a possible preventive and treatment approach.

A modern guide in the management of endodontically treated posterior teeth Motasum Abu-Awwad European Journal of General Dentistry 2019 8(3):63-70 Decision-making in the management of posterior endodontically treated teeth (ETT) is still considered a challenge for the clinician. The development of adhesion has led to a paradigm shift in the restorative treatment options. Restorations which depend on mechanical retention are not the only restorations currently available. Adhesive restorations are gaining more popularity due to their conservative nature. This article aimed to provide the clinician with a modern guide for the management of posterior ETT using adhesive restorations. A method of assessment of the remaining tooth structure which places the tooth in one of the three categories was recommended, and adhesive treatment options were suggested for each category. The three categories were minimally destructed teeth, which could be managed simply through intracoronal composite resin restorations; moderately destructed teeth, which could be managed through adhesive overlays; and severely destructed teeth, which could be managed through fiber post–core–crown combination, or through endocrowns.

Influence of blood contamination and decontamination procedures on bond strength of a two-step etch and rinse adhesive system Rafael Guerra Lund, Isadora Augusta Da Silveira, Juliana Silva Ribeiro, Dayane Rubin, Sonia Luque Peralta, Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez, Evandro Piva European Journal of General Dentistry 2019 8(3):71-75 Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of blood contamination and decontamination procedures performed at different stages of bonding, on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of an etch-and-rinse adhesive to dentin. Materials and Methods: Standardized cylindrical cavities were prepared in bovine incisors and were randomly divided into five groups, each one was treated using these experimental conditions – Control: etching-rinsing/bonding without blood contamination; Group 1: etching-rising/blood contamination/decontamination/bonding; Group 2: etching-rising/bonding/blood contamination/decontamination; Group 3: etching-rising/bonding/blood contamination/decontamination/etching-rising/bonding; and Group 4: etching-rising/blood contamination/decontamination/etching-rising/bonding. Specimens were prepared for μTBS and were evaluated both immediately and after 6 months of storage in distilled water. Results: Blood contamination significantly reduced the μTBS (P < 0.001). Groups 2 and 3 showed the lowest μTBS values, both for 24 h and 6 month aging. Conclusions: Blood contamination tested at any of the different stages of the bonding procedure showed a negative effect on the μTBS. Recovering adhesion of blood-contaminated dentin did not depend only on cleaning with distilled water.

Comparative analysis of the oropharyngeal airway in patients aged over 40 years: A cone beam computed tomography study Mustafa Alkhader, Mats Geijer European Journal of General Dentistry 2019 8(3):76-79 Aim: This study was carried out to compare different measurements of the oropharyngeal airway in patients aged over 40 years on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods: Seven hundred and five patients aged over 40 years were divided into three groups (40–49, 50–59, and ≥60 years). A comparative analysis of oropharyngeal airway (volume, minimum cross-sectional area, minimum anteroposterior distance, and minimum right to left distance) between the groups was carried out on CBCT images acquired for different dental purposes. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA statistical test. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the groups in mean value of oropharyngeal airway measurements (P < 0.05). In the middle age group of patients aged from 50 to 59 years, the mean value of each measurement was lower than its counterpart in other groups. Conclusions: Patients aged from 50 to 59 years had the smallest oropharyngeal airway measurements; therefore, they might be at high risk of developing sleep-related breathing disorders, and further assessment is recommended.

Optimizing function and esthetics in an adult patient with a complete crossbite Oscar Mario Antelo, Fábio Rafael Tessarollo, Marcio Furtado Niwa, Susiane Queiroz Bastos, Orlando Motohiro Tanaka European Journal of General Dentistry 2019 8(3):80-85 This case report describes the treatment of a 32-year-old woman with anterior and bilateral posterior crossbite, skeletal Class II and dental Class III relationship, with the removal of widely decayed teeth. Treatment options included orthognathic surgery, rapid maxillary expansion (RME), and orthodontic treatment associated with implant and prosthesis. The patient opted for nonsurgical treatment, without RME, extraction of the affected teeth by extensive caries lesions, closure of the remaining spaces by dental movement, and single-crown implant prosthesis.