Auris Nasus Larynx

Endoscopic sinus surgery with and without computer assisted navigation: A retrospective study Publication date: August 2019 Source: Auris Nasus Larynx, Volume 46, Issue 4 Author(s): Bruno Galletti, Francesco Gazia, Francesco Freni, Federico Sireci, Francesco Galletti Abstract Objective In the last years endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is improved with the introduction of computer assisted navigation (CAN). In this retrospective study we evaluated the usefulness of CAN in endoscopic sinus surgery and studied its advantages over conventional endoscopic sinus surgery. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of 96 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). 48 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery with surgical navigation (A group) and other 48 without navigation (B group). Data about percentage of complications, olfactory function (Visual Analogue Scale), Sino-nasal Outcomes Test (SNOT-22), Rhinosinusitis Quality of Life (RhinoQoL), recurrence (CT Lund–Mackay score), total nasal resistance (rhinomanometry) and duration of the intervention were collected and analyzed. Results A group evidenced a decrease of recurrence rate (p = 0.009), a reduction of total nasal resistance (p = 0.007), of frontal recess stenosis (p = 0.04) and of nasal symptomatology (p = 0.008). QoL had a better improvement in group A. Rate of other complications and olfactory function did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups. The average calibration time was approximately 11 min in the A group. Total time of surgical procedure does not evidenced statistically significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05) but if it is considered only the time of the surgical intervention, the difference of duration is significant reduced statistically (p < 0.05) in CAN surgery. Conclusion Computer assisted navigation in ESS can be useful for the most experienced surgeons, especially in the frontal recess surgery, decreasing the recurrence rate and reducing the total nasal resistance.

Corrigendum to "Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Glasgow Edinburgh Throat Scale (GETS-J): use for a symptom scale of globus sensation" [Auris Nasus Larynx 45 (2018) 1041–1046] Publication date: August 2019 Source: Auris Nasus Larynx, Volume 46, Issue 4 Author(s): Nao Takahashi, Kaori Mori, Hironori Baba, Takanobu Sasaki, Masaaki Ohno, Fumio Ikarashi, Naotaka Aizawa, Kunihiro Sato, Akio Tsuchiya, Hideyuki Hanazawa, Masahiko Tomita, Yamato Kubota, Yuka Morita, Kuniyuki Takahashi, Arata Horii

Surgical treatments for a case of superior canal dehiscence syndrome associated with patulous Eustachian tube Publication date: August 2019 Source: Auris Nasus Larynx, Volume 46, Issue 4 Author(s): Ryoukichi Ikeda, Hiromitsu Miyazaki, Masahiro Morita, Daisuke Yamauchi, Tetsuaki Kawase, Yukio Katori, Toshimitsu Kobayashi Abstract Objectives The patulous Eustachian tube (PET) and superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS) have similarity in their symptoms and similar effects caused by positional changes, causing difficulty in the differentiation between the two disorders. This report describes a case of both SCDS and PET that was eventually successfully treated. Methods A 68-year-old man presented with hyperacusis to his own footsteps and gait disturbance. He had been diagnosed as PET two years before and had been treated by insertion of a silicone plug (Kobayashi plug) at the other hospital. Clinical case records, audiological data, cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP), Eustachian tube function tests and computed tomography (CT) were taken in the sitting position. Results While the CT confirmed superior semicircular canal dehiscence, the results of cVEMP was not typical of SCD likely due to preexisting hearing impairment in the right ear with a history of middle ear surgeries for the treatment of PET. He received round window reinforcement (RWR) and achieved relief from his symptoms but six months after the surgery, he visited again with complaints of autophony of his own voice and breathing. The tympanic membrane was found to move synchronous with respiration, and Eustachian tube function tests and the sitting CT confirmed the recurrence of severe PET. He had his silicone plug exchanged (increase in size of the Kobayashi plug) and achieved relief from symptoms. Conclusions The present case was a rare instance showing that PET and SCDS can occur simultaneously in a patient. The patient achieved relief from symptoms after treatment with RWR and insertion of the Kobayashi plug.

Thrombosis of the internal jugular vein in the ENT-department — Prevalence, causes and therapy: A retrospective analysis Publication date: August 2019 Source: Auris Nasus Larynx, Volume 46, Issue 4 Author(s): Janina Hahn, Melanie Nordmann-Kleiner, Thomas K. Hoffmann, Jens Greve Abstract Objective Less than 5% of deep vein thrombosis is due to thrombosis of the internal jugular vein. Genetic, malignant or inflammatory underlying diseases as well as insertion of venous catheters can be responsible for this pathology. Due to its rare occurrence, it is difficult to find systematic research about thrombosis of the internal jugular vein. Methods We performed a systematic analysis of present patient data from our ENT department with the electronic patient record considering the period from 2012-2017. Search terms were "thrombosis" and "jugular internal vein". We identified 41 patients with the requested diagnosis and performed further analysis of the cases. Internal jugular vein thrombosis was diagnosed in all patients using Duplex sonography and/or CT/MR angiography. Results Paraneoplastic thrombosis was found in 22/41 patients (54%), in 15 of the 22 (68%), the tumor was located in the ENT region. Two out of seven (29%) of the patients with tumor entities outside the head and neck region had thrombosis of the internal jugular vein as the first symptom of the disease. Another 14/41 patients (34%) had underlying inflammatory diseases – mostly streptococci-associated – for example a cervical abscess. In two patients, insertion of a central-venous catheter was causal, in three patients we could not find any reason for the development of thrombosis. Conclusion To diagnose the rare and often asymptomatic thrombosis of the internal jugular vein, ultrasound of the cervical region should always include vascular imaging. Thrombosis of the internal jugular vein results mostly paraneoplastic or due to inflammation/abscess. It can be the first symptom of a malignant primary disease and always requires detailed diagnostic clarification. Level of evidence 4.

Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat in Japan: association with sociocultural and geographical conditions Publication date: August 2019 Source: Auris Nasus Larynx, Volume 46, Issue 4 Author(s): Ryohei Oya, Arata Horii, Atsuhiko Uno, Yoshiaki Kawasaki, Hidenori Inohara Abstract Objective Foreign bodies (FBs) in ear, nose, and throat (ENT) are common ENT emergencies but are sometimes life-threatening. However, FBs could be avoidable by the efficient announcement about the risk of these occurrence to the public. Fish bones are commonly found as throat FBs, and small toys are commonly found as pediatric ear and nose FBs. We hypothesized that there were relationships between the occurrence of FBs and sociocultural/geographical conditions. The purpose of this study is to clarify the risk factors of FBs in ENT regions related to eating customs and weather conditions. Methods From April 2009 to March 2014, 94,479 patients visited the Chuo Emergency Clinic (CEC) in Osaka, which is a local emergency center for Osaka prefecture in Japan. Among them, 3229 patients with throat FBs, 577 children (0–15 years of age) with ear FBs, and 1999 children (0–15 years of age) with nose FBs were enrolled into the present study. Monthly trends in the number of throat FBs were examined in relation to fish eating customs. The monthly average of the daily ratio of pediatric patients with ear or nose FBs to the total number of patients were examined in relation to weather parameters using a database of the Japan Meteorological Agency. Results The incidence of throat FBs was significantly higher in July and January (p < 0.05, analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey–Kramer test), presumably because Japanese people have more chances to eat fish in these months due to the traditional fish-eating customs. There was also a significant correlation between the number of pediatric patients with ear and nose FBs and the bad weather parameters including daily rainfall (r = 0.76, p = 0.0043; r = 0.57, p = 0.050, respectively, analyzed by the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient). This is because children would spend longer time inside on rainy days, which increases the chance of putting a small toy part in the ear and nose. Conclusions FBs in throat and ear/nose occurred more frequently in the specific periods to eat fish and rainy days, respectively. Therefore, public announcement on the risk of occurrence of FBs based on sociocultural and geographical data is helpful to prevent FBs.

Pigmented villonodular synovitis occurring in the temporomandibular joint Publication date: August 2019 Source: Auris Nasus Larynx, Volume 46, Issue 4 Author(s): Fuminori Nomura, Yosuke Ariizumi, Yusuke Kiyokawa, Akihisa Tasaki, Yumiko Tateishi, Nobuaki Koide, Hiroaki Kawabe, Takashi Sugawara, Kentaro Tanaka, Takahiro Asakage Abstract Objective Pigmented villonodular synovitis occurring in the region of the temporomandibular joint is a rare disease, requiring a review of the treatment method, follow-up period. Method Refer to the past literature, along with a retrospective search. Results An excision, including the skull base bone, was performed in all cases; however, recurrence was found in one case on which fractional excision was performed. Past reports have also indicated that en bloc resection was considered desirable. Conclusion It is necessary to perform en bloc resection on patients with pigmented villonodular synovitis occurring in the region of the temporomandibular joint. Furthermore, due to reported cases of recurrence after a long period of time, follow-up observations of about 10 years are considered necessary.

Postoperative myxedema coma in patients undergoing major surgery: Case series Publication date: August 2019 Source: Auris Nasus Larynx, Volume 46, Issue 4 Author(s): Daniel Yafit, Narin Nard Carmel-Neiderman, Nadav Levy, Avrham Abergel, Alexander Niv, Ravit Yanko-Arzi, Arik Zaretski, Anat Wengier, Dan M. Fliss, Gilad Horowitz Abstract Objective Myxedema coma is a serious complication of hypothyroidism that can be precipitated by major surgery. It is extremely rare, with only a few reports in the literature. This study aims to present a relatively large case series of post-surgical myxedema coma and to analyze medical and surgical risk factors. Methods Analysis of the patients' surgical records and medical charts. Results Four patients developed postoperative myxedema coma and were evaluated for risk factors. Three had known hypothyroidism. Two had undergone large head and neck composite resections necessitating a free flap repair for malignant disease. One had undergone coronary artery bypass graft for ischemic heart disease, and another had undergone endoscopic cholecystectomy for complicated cholecystitis. All four patients required prolonged hospitalization, including treatment in the intensive care unit. One patient had undergone full cardiopulmonary resuscitation directly related to the myxedema coma state. Conclusion We present a series of four patients who developed myxedema coma following major surgery. We recommend that patients with known hypothyroidism who are scheduled for major surgery should be tested for thyroid function status and assessed for postoperative risk of hypothyroidism. Those who develop complications following major surgery, should be immediately tested for thyroid function to rule out myxedema coma.

Utility of response assessment PET-CT to predict residual disease in neck nodes: A comparison with the Histopathology Publication date: August 2019 Source: Auris Nasus Larynx, Volume 46, Issue 4 Author(s): Khuzema Saifuddin Fatehi, Shivakumar Thiagarajan, Harsh Dhar, Nilendu Purandare, Anil K. DCruz, Devendra Chaukar, Sarbani Ghosh Laskar, Kumar Prabhash, Venkatesh Rangarajan Abstract Objective To assess the ability of Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET-CT) scans to detect residual disease in neck nodes with the Histopathology (HPR) as the gold standard. To obtain a Standardized Uptake Value max cutoff in these patients to predict residual disease in neck. Methods Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients who underwent Salvage neck dissection with or without primary site surgery post Concurrent Chemo-Radiotherapy (CCRT) during the period January 2008–December 2017 were included. All patients had response assessment PET-CT scan at 10–14 weeks. Agreement analysis was performed between PET-CT and HPR, fine needle aspiration cytology and HPR. Positive predictive value, Negative predictive value of PET-CT to detect residual neck nodal disease in comparison to HPR was analyzed. A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted between the SUV max values and the HPR. A SUV max cutoff value was obtained from the ROC curve. Results A total of 75 patients were included. Thirty-one underwent salvage neck dissection along with surgery for primary disease and 45 underwent salvage neck dissection alone. PET-CT showed good agreement with the HPR to detect residual disease in neck nodes (Kappa = 0.604). PET-CT had a PPV and NPV of 87.5% and 79.15% respectively as compared against the HPR. A SUV max cutoff of 4.62 had a specificity of 92.3% and sensitivity of 73.5% to detect residual disease in neck nodes on the HPR. Conclusion PET-CT surveillance is an accepted treatment strategy. A neck node with SUV max of 4.62 and above is most likely to harbor residual nodal disease. Level of evidence: Level 2b

☆Comparison of transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasound with video laryngoscope for assessing the vocal cord mobility in patients undergoing thyroid surgery Publication date: August 2019 Source: Auris Nasus Larynx, Volume 46, Issue 4 Author(s): Manish Kumar Shah, Babita Ghai, Nidhi Bhatia, Roshan Kumar Verma, Naresh Kumar Panda Abstract Objective We evaluated the accuracy and feasibility of transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasonography as an alternative to videolaryngoscopy for assessing vocal cord mobility to rule out recurrent laryngeal nerve injury following thyroidectomy. Methods Forty-five adult patients scheduled to undergo elective thyroidectomy under general anesthesia were included. Preoperatively, indirect laryngoscopy and transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasonography was done for assessing vocal cord mobility. Intraoperatively, following induction, patients were intubated using videolaryngoscope. On completion of the surgical procedure, one anesthetist performed videolaryngoscopy so as to record vocal cord mobility while the patients were being extubated in deep plane of anesthesia. Simultaneously another anesthesiologist performed transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasonography.Vocal cord mobility, changes in hemodynamics and total time duration for the two procedures was recorded. Indirect laryngoscopic assessment and flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy was done on postoperative day 1 and 7 respectively. Results Postoperative videolaryngoscopy picked up bilaterally mobile vocal cords in 88.8% cases. Transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasonography could correctly identify 39(86.6%) of these patients, with 1(2.5%) patient being misdiagnosed as having bilaterally immobile vocal cords. Further, videolaryngoscopy identified 5 patients of vocal cord palsy, of which transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasonography correctly identified 3 (60%) patients. Hence, in comparison to videolaryngoscopy, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasonography for assessment of vocal cords was 75%, 95.1%, 60%, and 97.5% respectively. Conclusion In patients undergoing thyroidectomy, transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasonography can serve as a non-invasive, bedside screening tool for assessing vocal cord palsy postoperatively.

MiR-196b affects the progression and prognosis of human LSCC through targeting PCDH-17 Publication date: August 2019 Source: Auris Nasus Larynx, Volume 46, Issue 4 Author(s): Min Luo, Gang Sun, Jing-wu Sun Abstract Objective To explore the effect of miR-196bon the biological features of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) through targeting PCDH-17. Methods miR-196b and PCDH-17 expressions were determined in tissues, and the targeting relation of miR-196b and PCDH-17 was verified through dual-luciferase reporter system. In vitro, Hep-2 cells were divided into the Control, miR-196b inhibitors, miR-NC, PCDH-17, and miR-196b mimics + PCDH-17 groups. The miR-196b and PCDH-17 expressions were determined by qRT-PCR or/and Western blot, and the biological features by MTT, Annexin V-FITC/PI, wound-healing and Transwell assays. Results MiR-196b was found to be up-regulated, while PCDH-17 was down-regulated in a negative correlation in LSCC patients, which was related to histological grade and TNM stage. And low expression of miR-196b and high expression of PCDH-17 contributed to an increase in the 5-year-survival rate of LSCC patients. Besides, miR-196b directly targeted PCDH-17, while miR-196b inhibitors could up-regulate the PCDH-17 in Hep-2 cells. Moreover, miR-196b inhibitors and PCDH-17 curbed Hep-2 cell proliferation but facilitated the apoptosis, with decreases in cell invasion and migration. In addition, no statistical significance was found in cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration between Control group and miR-196b mimics + PCDH-17 group. Conclusion LSCC patients exhibited the up-regulated miR-196b and down-regulated PCDH-17, which are correlated with the major clinical features and prognosis. Inhibiting miR-196b may suppress proliferation, migration and invasion abilities, and promote apoptosis of Hep-2 cells via targeting PCDH-17.

Alexandros Sfakianakis
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
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6948891480

alsfakia@gmail.com