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Δευτέρα 22 Απριλίου 2019

Socioeconomics, Obesity, and Early-Life Nutrition on the Role of DNA Methylation in Biological Embedding


  • Christiana A. DemetriouEmail author
  • Karin van Veldhoven
  • Caroline Relton
  • Silvia Stringhini
  • Kyriacos Kyriacou
  • Paolo Vineis
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Reference work entry
First Online: 05 January 2019

Abstract

Early-life socioeconomic conditions, childhood obesity, and early-life nutrition are factors that have been associated with chronic disease in adult life.
The synthesis of current research relating to the biological embodiment of early-life exposures through DNA methylation provides some support to the involvement of DNA methylation in biological embedding and provides evidence for a mechanism through which early-life exposures can affect disease risk later in life.
More specifically, several studies on early-life socioeconomic conditions, childhood overweight/obesity, and early-life nutrition show DNA methylation effects that can, in some cases, persist for years after the exposure. The results of these studies are reviewed here.
This review highlights the plethora of proxies used for these exposures; the small differences observed in methylation, questioning their biological significance; and the lack of clarity regarding the direction and/or the size of some of the effects. In addition, and perhaps most importantly, publication bias cannot be ruled out, and the lack of replication of these results, especially given the lack of overlap between target regions, requires that these results are interpreted cautiously.

Keywords

Biological embedding Thrifty phenotype hypothesis Developmental plasticity DNA methylation Epigenetics Exposome Early-life nutrition Early-life socioeconomic status Childhood obesity Childhood overweight Chronic disease 

List of Abbreviations

ABCA1
ATP-binding cassette, subfamily A (ABC1), member 1
ADIPOQ
Adiponectin, C1Q, and collagen domain containing
BOLA3
BolA family member 3
CASP10
Caspase 10
CCL28
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28
CDK1C
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C
CpG
5′ – C – phosphate – G3′, cytosine and guanine separated by only one phosphate
DHA
Docosahexaenoic acid
DLK1
Delta-like 1 homolog
DMRs
Differentially methylated regions
eNOS
Nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) or constitutive NOS (cNOS)
EPHA
Erythropoietin-producing hepatoma receptor
FAIM2
Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule 2
FGF12
Fibroblast growth factor 12
FKBP5
FK506-binding protein 5
FLJ20433
FLJ20433 gene
GNASAS
GNAS antisense RNA (nonprotein coding)
GR
Glucocorticoid receptor
H19
H19 gene for a long noncoding RNA
HIF3A
Hypoxia-inducible factor 3A
HLA
Human leukocyte antigen
HSD11B2 or HSD2
Hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 2
IGF1
Insulin-insulin-like growth factor 1
IGF2
Insulin-like growth factor 2 (somatomedin A)
IL10
Interleukin 10
IL17F
Interleukin 17F
INS-IGF
Insulin-insulin-like growth factor 2 read-through
iPS
Induced pluripotent stem cells
LEP
Leptin
LINE-1
Long interspersed nuclear elements 1
LUMA
Luminometric methylation assay
MBL2
Mannose-binding lectin 2
MEG3
Maternally expressed 3 (nonprotein coding)
NID1
Nidogen 1
NNAT1
Natterin-1
NR3C1
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1
PAX8
Paired box gene 8
PEG10
Paternally expressed 10
PLAGL1 or ZAC1
Pleomorphic adenoma gene-like 1
POMC
Pro-opiomelanocortin gene
PRR5L
Proline rich 5 like
RBC
Red blood cells
RXRA
Retinoid X receptor alpha
Sat2
Satellite 2 tandemly repeating, noncoding DNA
SES
Socioeconomic status
SLC6A4
Solute carrier family 6 member 4
SLITRK1
SLIT- and NTRK-like family member 1
SNRPN
Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N
SGCE
Sarcoglycan epsilon
TACSTD2
Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2
TGFBI
Transforming growth factor beta induced
TIMP3
TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3
TLE1
Transducin-like enhancer of split 1 gene
TLR2
Toll-like receptor 2
TLSP
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin
WDR5
WD repeat domain 5
ZFYVE28
Zinc finger FYVE-type containing 28
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