Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma Coactivator-1Alpha and DNA Methylation as Epigenetic Control

Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics pp 165-185| Cite as

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• Xuemei Xie
• Xiaoping Luo

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Reference work entry

First Online: 05 January 2019

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Abstract

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is an essential orchestrator in energy homeostasis, serving as a substantial node linking nutritional signals to metabolism. Recent studies indicate that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) promoter DNA methylation is associated with various disorders and plays an important role in metabolic programming. Dietary and nutritional disequilibrium is recognized as a crucial factor which influences the process of epigenetic modification. In this article, we summarize the current knowledge on the impact of both prenatal and postnatal nutritional factors on the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) DNA methylation and their relationship to metabolic disorders, and discuss the unresolved questions that warrant further research.

Keywords

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α DNA methylation Diet Nutrition Metabolic disorders Maternal BMI/high-fat diet Maternal hyperglycemia Low birth weight Type 2 diabetes Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Obesity Fatty acids Bioactive/toxic components in foods 

List of Abbreviations

AGA

Appropriate weight for gestational age

BMI

Body mass index

BPA

Bisphenol A

CG-IUGR

IUGR followed by postnatal catch-up/accelerated growth

DNMT

DNA methyltransferase

GDM

Gestational diabetes

HOMA-IR

Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance

IUGR

Intrauterine growth restriction

LBW

Low birth weight

LGA

Large for gestational age

NAFLD

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

NBW

Normal birth weight

OGTT

Oral glucose tolerance test

PGC-1α

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α

RYGB

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

SGA

Small for gestational age

T1DM

Type 1 diabetes

T2DM

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

TNF-α

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

TSS

Transcription start site

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