PLOS Pathogens: New Articles,

Perturbations of the ZED1 pseudokinase activate plant immunity

by D. Patrick Bastedo, Madiha Khan, Alexandre Martel, Derek Seto, Inga Kireeva, Jianfeng Zhang, Wardah Masud, David Millar, Jee Yeon Lee, Amy Huei-Yi Lee, Yunchen Gong, André Santos-Severino, David S. Guttman, Darrell Desveaux The Pseudomonas syringae acetyltransferase HopZ1a is delivered into host cells by the type III secretion system to promote bacterial growth. However, in the model plant host Arabidopsis thaliana, HopZ1a activity results in an effector-triggered immune response (ETI) that...

PLOS Pathogens: New Articles

Wed Jul 03, 2019 20:39

PB2 mutations arising during H9N2 influenza evolution in the Middle East confer enhanced replication and growth in mammals

by Yasuha Arai, Norihito Kawashita, Madiha Salah Ibrahim, Emad Mohamed Elgendy, Tomo Daidoji, Takao Ono, Tatsuya Takagi, Takaaki Nakaya, Kazuhiko Matsumoto, Yohei Watanabe Avian influenza virus H9N2 has been endemic in birds in the Middle East, in particular in Egypt with multiple cases of human infections since 1998. Despite concerns about the pandemic threat posed by H9N2, little is known about the biological properties of H9N2 in this epicentre of infection. Here, we investigated the evolutionary...

PLOS Pathogens: New Articles

Tue Jul 02, 2019 21:07

Macaque interferon-induced transmembrane proteins limit replication of SHIV strains in an Envelope-dependent manner

by Amit Sharma, Richard N. McLaughlin Jr., Ryan S. Basom, Caroline Kikawa, Molly OhAinle, Jacob S. Yount, Michael Emerman, Julie Overbaugh HIV-1 does not persistently infect macaques due in part to restriction by several macaque host factors. This has been partially circumvented by generating chimeric SIV/HIV-1 viruses (SHIVs) that encode SIV antagonist of known restriction factors. However, most SHIVs replicate poorly in macaques unless they are further adapted in culture and/or macaques (adapted...

PLOS Pathogens: New Articles

Mon Jul 01, 2019 20:56

HIV and HCV augments inflammatory responses through increased TREM-1 expression and signaling in Kupffer and Myeloid cells

by Jinhee Hyun, Robert S. McMahon, Anna L. Lang, Jasmine S. Edwards, Alejandro Dmitar Badilla, Morgan E. Greene, Geoffrey W. Stone, Suresh Pallikkuth, Mario Stevenson, Derek M. Dykxhoorn, Shyam Kottilil, Savita Pahwa, Emmanuel Thomas Chronic infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects an estimated 35 million and 75 million individuals worldwide, respectively. These viruses induce persistent inflammation which often drives the development or progression...

PLOS Pathogens: New Articles

Mon Jul 01, 2019 20:56

Antigenic cartography of immune responses to <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1)

by James Tuju, Margaret J. Mackinnon, Abdirahman I. Abdi, Henry Karanja, Jennifer N. Musyoki, George M. Warimwe, Evelyn N. Gitau, Kevin Marsh, Peter C. Bull, Britta C. Urban Naturally acquired clinical immunity to Plasmodium falciparum is partly mediated by antibodies directed at parasite-derived antigens expressed on the surface of red blood cells which mediate disease and are extremely diverse. Unlike children, adults recognize a broad range of variant surface antigens (VSAs) and are protected...

PLOS Pathogens: New Articles

Mon Jul 01, 2019 20:56