Auditory event-related potentials demonstrate early cognitive impairment in children with subclinical hypothyroidism

Sibel Kocaaslan Atli

 / Nihal Olgaç Dündar

 / Onur Bayazit

 / Nur Evirgen Esin

 / Uğraş Erdoğan

 / Gönül Çatli

 / Mehmet Cemal Kahya

 / Bumin Nuri Dündar

Published Online: 2019-06-11 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2018-0463

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Abstract

Background

The aim of this study was to examine the cognitive functions of children with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) and healthy children with the use of auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) and neuropsychological tests.

Methods

Twenty children aged between 8 and 17 years, diagnosed with SH, and 20 age-matched healthy controls were included in this study. A classical auditory oddball paradigm was applied during the electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, and event-related potentials (ERPs) were evaluated between the 0.5- and 20-Hz frequency intervals. P1, N1, P2, N2 and P3 amplitudes and latencies were measured in Fz, FCz, Cz, CPz, Pz and Oz electrodes. Additionally, a number of neuropsychological tests evaluating the reaction time and various cognitive functions were carried out.

Results

In children with SH, P3 amplitudes in FCz, Cz and CPz electrodes were significantly lower than those in controls (p < 0.05). In addition to this, the P1N1 and N1P2 peak-to-peak amplitude values were also found to be smaller for children with SH than controls (p < 0.05). With regard to the neuropsychological tests, no significant difference was observed between the SH and control groups on any of the cognitive test parameters, reaction time or correct response rates.

Conclusions

In the present study, while children with SH did not differ from controls with respect to their cognitive functions evaluated via neuropsychological tests, cognitive differences were detected via electrophysiological investigations. This result implies that implicit changes in cognition which are not yet overtly reflected on neuropsychological tests may be detected at an early stage in children with SH.

Keywords: auditory event-related potentials; children; cognitive functions; subclinical hypothyroidism

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About the article

Corresponding author: Asst. Prof. Dr. Sibel Kocaaslan Atli, PhD, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, İzmir, Turkey, Phone: (+90) 530 500 5832