Presentation of Case. Dr. Olivia C. Smibert: A 48-year-old man with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was evaluated in the oncology clinic of this hospital because of abdominal pain. The patient had been generally well until 12 years before this presentation, when lymphadenopathy in the axillary and…
Thu Oct 08, 2020 03:00
Trauma to the neck poses a unique set of challenges owing to the presence of multiple important structures lying in close proximity to each other. A thorough understanding of the anatomy of the neck as well as having a step wise approach for timely evaluation and management, are crucial in identifying and managing neck injuries. Trauma to the neck can occur due to blunt or penetrating mechanisms. Though the injury patterns may differ, the initial management is similar and follows an algorithm based...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 03:00
Over time, populations of species can expand, contract, fragment and become isolated, creating subpopulations that must adapt to local conditions. Understanding how species maintain variation after divergence as well as adapt to these changes in the face of gene flow, is of great interest, especially as the current climate crisis has caused range shifts and frequent migrations for many species. Here, we characterize how a mycophageous fly species, Drosophila innubila, came to inhabit and adapt to...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 03:00
A common goal in evolutionary biology is to discern the mechanisms that produce the astounding diversity of morphologies seen across the tree of life. Aposematic species, those with a conspicuous phenotype coupled with some form of defense, are excellent models to understand the link between vivid color pattern variations, the natural selection shaping it, and the underlying genetic mechanisms underpinning this variation. Mimicry systems in which multiple species share the same conspicuous phenotype...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 03:00
The microbes residing within the gut of an animal host often maximise their own fitness by modifying their host's physiological, reproductive, and behavioural functions. Whereas recent studies suggest that they may also shape host sociality and therefore have critical effects on animal social evolution, the impact of the gut microbiota on maternal care remains unexplored. This is surprising, as this social behaviour is widespread among animals, often determines the fitness of both juveniles and parents,...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 03:00
Ant species often have multiple morphologically distinct castes within a single colony. Given that most of these castes are involved in non-reproductive tasks, and since such individuals thus never reproduce, the question of how ant castes can evolve is a non-trivial one. Over the years, several models have been proposed in order to explain the evolution of castes in ant colonies. Here, we attempt to answer this question using an economics-based approach, developing an optimization model that implements...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 03:00
Courtship displays are dramatic examples of complex behaviors that vary within and among species. Evolutionary explanations for this diversity rely upon genetic variation, yet the heritability of complex phenotypes is seldom investigated in the field. Here, we estimate genomic heritability of advertisement song and body condition in a wild population of singing mice. The heritability of song exhibit a systematic pattern, with high heritability for spectral characteristics linked to vocal morphology,...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 03:00
Genetic alterations that drive clonal expansions in ostensibly healthy tissues have implications for cancer risk. However, the total rate at which clonal expansions occur in healthy tissues remains unknown. Synonymous passenger mutations that hitchhike to high variant allele frequency due to a linked driver mutation can be used to estimate the total rate of positive selection across the genome. Because these synonymous hitchhikers are influenced by all mutations under selection, regardless of type...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 03:00
Premise of the study: Tribe Citharexyleae comprises three genera: Baillonia, Citharexylum, and Rehdera. While there is good support for these genera as a clade, relationships between genera remain unresolved due to low sampling of the largest genus, Citharexylum. A molecular phylogenetic approach was taken to resolve intergeneric relationships in Citharexyleae and infrageneric relationships in Citharexylum. Methods: Seven chloroplast regions, two nuclear ribosomal spacers, and six low-copy nuclear...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 03:00
Introduction: Vaccination and anti-viral therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) are key approaches to reducing the morbidity, mortality and transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, the efficacy of these interventions may be reduced by the emergence of drug resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) and/or vaccine escape mutations (VEMs). We have assimilated data on the global prevalence and distribution of HBV RAMs/VEMs from publicly available data and explored the evolution of...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 03:00
Quaternary glacial cycles often altered species' geographic distributions, which in turn altered the geographic structure of a species' genetic diversity. In many cases, glacial expansion forced species in temperate climates to contract their ranges and reside in small pockets of suitable habitat (refugia), where they were likely to interact closely with other species, setting the stage for potential gene exchange. These introgression events, in turn, would have degraded species boundaries, making...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 03:00
The biotas of the Galapagos Islands are probably one of the best studied island systems and have provided a broad model of insular species' origins and evolution. Nevertheless, some Galapagos species remain poorly characterized, such as the Galapagos Rail Laterallus spilonota. This bird species is one of the less explored groups of endemic vertebrates on these islands, due to its elusive behavior, cryptic plumage and restricted distribution. To date there is no genetic assessment of its origins and...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 03:00
The Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes enabled the discovery of sequences that differ between modern and archaic humans, the majority of which are noncoding. However, our understanding of the regulatory consequences of these differences remains limited, in part due to the decay of regulatory marks in ancient samples. Here, we used a massively parallel reporter assay in embryonic stem cells, neural progenitor cells and bone osteoblasts to investigate the regulatory effects of the 14,042 single-nucleotide...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 03:00
For various species, high quality sequences and complete genomes are nowadays available for many individuals. This makes data analysis challenging, as methods need not only to be accurate, but also time efficient given the tremendous amount of data to process. In this article, we introduce an efficient method to infer the evolutionary history of individuals under the multispecies coalescent model in networks (MSNC). Phylogenetic networks are an extension of phylogenetic trees that can contain reticulate...
Wed Oct 07, 2020 03:00
Presentation of Case. Dr. Olivia C. Smibert: A 48-year-old man with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was evaluated in the oncology clinic of this hospital because of abdominal pain. The patient had been generally well until 12 years before this presentation, when lymphadenopathy in the axillary and…
Thu Oct 08, 2020 03:00
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer remains lethal. Men with deleterious alterations in genes involved in homologous recombination repair, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, have more aggressive disease and higher mortality than those with proficient homologous recombination repair. The goal of…
Sun Sep 20, 2020 03:00
Approximately 30% of patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) present with resectable disease. Postoperative adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy is recommended in patients with completely resected stage II to IIIA disease and — subject to postoperative evaluation to assess benefits and…
Sat Sep 19, 2020 03:00
Surgical Infections, Ahead of Print.
Thu Oct 08, 2020 10:00
Surgical Infections, Ahead of Print.
Thu Oct 08, 2020 10:00
Covid-19 has created a crisis throughout the world. This crisis has produced a test of leadership. With no good options to combat a novel pathogen, countries were forced to make hard choices about how to respond. Here in the United States, our leaders have failed that test. They have taken a crisis…
Thu Oct 08, 2020 03:00
Prior to the explosion of Covid-19, which has sent shockwaves through the U.S. health care system, controlling the growth of health care spending was a central health policy issue. Once Covid-19 is largely behind us, health policy will return to this goal with perhaps even more urgency, because the…
Thu Oct 08, 2020 03:00
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) value in different age and leaf of maize hybrid and correlating with grain yield. Ten maize hybrids were replicated thricely ...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 03:00
SUMMARY:A health care crisis such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires allocation of hospital staff and resources on short notice. Thus, new and sometimes less experienced team members might join the team to fill in the gaps. This scenario can be particularly challenging in endovascular stroke treatment, which is a highly specialized task that requires seamless cooperation of numerous health care workers across various specialties and professions. This document is intended...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 21:45
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:When one uses T2 relaxometry to classify lumbar intervertebral discs as degenerated, it is unclear whether the normative data should be based on other intervertebral discs from the same individual or from a pool of extraneous controls. This study aimed to explore the extent of intra- versus intersubject variation in the T2 times of healthy intervertebral discs.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Using prospectively acquired T2-relaxometry data from 606 intervertebral discs in 101 volunteers...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 20:46
SUMMARY:Using the Medicare Physician-Supplier Procedure Summary Master File, we evaluated the evolving use of fMRI in Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries from 2007 through 2017. Annual use rates (per 1,000,000 enrollees) increased from 17.7 to 32.8 through 2014 and have remained static since. Radiologists have remained the dominant specialty group from 2007 to 2017 (86.4% and 88.6% of all services, respectively), and the outpatient setting has remained the dominant place of service (65.4% and...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 20:44
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:In cases of large-vessel-occlusion strokes due to an underlying tandem internal carotid artery occlusion or intracranial atherosclerotic disease, concomitant stent placement may be needed. Immediate platelet inhibition is necessary, but to date, a standardized approach for antiplatelet inhibition in acute settings is still missing. Here we report our single-center experience about the safety and efficacy of periprocedural administration of cangrelor in patients with acute ischemic...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 20:00
SUMMARY:Intradural AVF below the conus medullaris may develop either on the filum terminale or the cauda equina (lumbosacral and coccygeal radicular nerves). Although not a few filum terminale AVFs are found in the literature, only 3 detailed cauda equina AVFs have been reported. Here, we analyze the angiographic and MR imaging findings of our cauda equina and filum terminale AVF cases, supplemented with literature research to characterize the radiologic features of the 2 entities. On angiography,...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 19:20
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Middle cranial fossa encephaloceles are an increasingly recognized cause of epilepsy; however, they are also often encountered on neuroimaging in patients with no history of seizure. We characterized the MR imaging features of middle cranial fossa encephaloceles in seizure and nonseizure groups with the hope of uncovering features predictive of epileptogenicity.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Seventy-seven patients with middle cranial fossa encephaloceles were prospectively identified...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 19:14
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Infratentorial and spinal cord lesions are important for diagnosing and monitoring multiple sclerosis, but they are difficult to detect on conventional MR imaging. We sought to improve the detection of infratentorial and upper cervical cord lesions using composite FLAIR3 images.MATERIALS AND METHODS:3D T2-weighted FLAIR and 3D T2-weighted images were acquired in 30 patients with MS and combined using the FLAIR3 formula. FLAIR3 was assessed against 3D T2-FLAIR by comparing the...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 18:24
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Perivascular spaces play a role in cerebral waste removal and neuroinflammation. Our aim was to provide data regarding the burden of MR imaging–visible perivascular spaces in white matter in healthy adolescents using an automated segmentation method and to establish relationships between common demographic characteristics and perivascular space burden.MATERIALS AND METHODS:One hundred eighteen 12- to 21-year-old subjects underwent T1- and T2-weighted 3T MR imaging as part of...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 18:14
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Developed using a rigorous mathematic framework, Maximum AmbiGuity distance for Phase Imaging (MAGPI) is a promising phase-imaging technique that provides optimal phase SNR and reduced susceptibility artifacts. We aimed to test the potential of MAGPI over routinely used SWI in the detection of traumatic cerebral microbleeds in athletes diagnosed with mild traumatic brain injury.MATERIALS AND METHODS:In this prospective study, 10 athletes (18–22 years of age, 3 women/7 men)...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 17:19
Abstract Background Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a rare autoinflammatory bone disorder. Little information exists on the use of imaging techniques in CNO. Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed clinical and MRI findings in children diagnosed with CNO between 2012 and 2018. Criteria for CNO included unifocal or multifocal inflammatory...
03:00
Abstract Background Children with Fontan circulation are at risk of developing hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis. Reliable noninvasive monitoring techniques are lacking or under development. Objective To investigate surrogate indicators of hepatic fibrosis in adolescents with Fontan circulation by evaluating hepatic magnetic resonance (MR) T1 mapping and...
02:18
Abstract Background No study has evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of sonography for the depiction of metastatic cervical adenopathy in children with differentiated thyroid carcinoma at presentation or determined which sonographic features are most useful. Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of sonography for identifying metastatic cervical...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 03:00
While new drug discoveries are revolutionizing cancer treatments, repurposing existing drugs would accelerate the timeline and lower the cost for bringing treatments to cancer patients. Our goal was to repurpose CPI211, a potent and selective antagonist of the thromboxane A2-prostanoid receptor (TPr), a G-protein coupled receptor that regulates coagulation, blood pressure, and cardiovascular homeostasis. To identify potential new clinical indications for CPI211, we performed a Phenome Wide Association...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 17:34
We previously reported the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-2-(1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)propenamide, a prodrug that targeted the mitochondria of glioblastoma (GBM). The mitochondrial enzyme monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) is highly expressed in GBM and oxidizes an uncharged methyl-tetrahydropyridine (MP-) moiety into the mitochondrially-targeted cationic form, methyl-pyridinium (P+-). Coupling this MAOB-sensitive group to a nitrogen mustard produced a prodrug that...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 10:05
Ultracold preservation is widely used for storage of genetic stocks of Caenorhabditis elegans. Current cryopreservation protocols are vulnerable to refrigeration failures, which can result in the loss of stock viability due to damage during re-freezing. Here we present a method for preserving worms in a dehydrated and frozen form that retains viability after multiple freeze-thaw cycles. After dehydration in the presence of trehalose or glycerol, C. elegans stocks can be frozen and thawed multiple...
01:09
Physical activity is a recommended part of treatment for numerous neurological and neuromuscular disorders. Yet, many individuals with limited mobility are not able to meet the recommended activity levels. Lig...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 03:00
After transfemoral amputation, many hours of practice are needed to re-learn walking with a prosthesis. The long adaptation process that consolidates a novel gait pattern seems to depend on cerebellar function...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 03:00
Motor hand skill and associated dexterity is important for meeting the challenges of daily activity and an important resource post-stroke. In this context, the present study investigated the finger movements o...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 03:00
Substantial advance supports that CMTM2 serve as an important performer in physiological and pathological processes. However, very little is clear about the relationship between CMTM2 and HBV-related disorders. Here, for the first time, we explore that whether or not serum CMTM2 is involved in HBV-related diseases. We found that CMTM2 values were significantly lower in patients compared to healthy control (p
Thu Oct 08, 2020 20:50
Objective. Copy number variation (CNV) is a structural variation in the human genome that has been associated with multiple clinical phenotypes. B cells are important components of rheumatoid arthritis- (RA-) mediated immune response; hence, CNV in the regulators of B cells (such as VPREB1) can influence RA susceptibility. In this study, we aimed to explore the association of CNV in the VPREB1 gene with RA susceptibility in the Pakistani population. Methods. A total of 1,106 subjects (616 RA cases,...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 09:20
30 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: "J Drugs Dermatol"[jour] These pubmed results were generated on 2020/10/08PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
03:33
Background: Most data about the trachea are collected during deep inspiration breath holding (DIBH) using multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). Images of the physiological changes in the central airway are lacking. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the physiological changes in the central airway on MDCT during DIBH and deep expiration breath holding (DEBH). Method: The data from 62 patients (38 men and 24 women) who underwent enhanced computed tomography in our hospital were collected....
Thu Oct 08, 2020 19:21
Abstract We present a model of how counting is learned based on the ability to perform a series of specific steps. The steps require conceptual knowledge of three components: numerosity as a property of collections; numerals; and one-to-one mappings between numerals and collections. We argue that establishing one-to-one mappings is the central feature of counting. In the literature, the so-called cardinality principle has been in focus when studying the development of counting....
03:00
Abstract A meta-analytic summary effect estimate often is calculated as an inverse-variance-weighted average of study-specific estimates of association. The variances of published estimates of association often are derived from their associated confidence intervals under assumptions typical of Wald-type statistics, such as normality of the parameter. However, in some research areas, such as radiation epidemiology, epidemiological results typically are obtained by fitting linear...
03:26
Abstract The dose limit for the skin of the hand is typically converted to a surface of 1 cm2, which means that one needs to measure point doses in different places on the hand. However, the commonly used method of measuring doses on the hand, i.e., using a dosimetric ring including one or several thermoluminescent detectors worn at the base of a finger, is not adequate for manual procedures such as labeling or radiopharmaceutical injection. Consequently, the purpose of this...
03:27
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07158
Thu Oct 08, 2020 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07134
Thu Oct 08, 2020 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09400
Thu Oct 08, 2020 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05379
Thu Oct 08, 2020 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00920
Thu Oct 08, 2020 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08867
Thu Oct 08, 2020 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04388
Thu Oct 08, 2020 07:00
Abstract Clinical successes have been achieved with checkpoint blockade therapy, which facilitates the function of T cells recognizing tumor-specific mutations known as neoepitopes. It is a reasonable hypothesis that therapeutic cancer vaccines targeting neoepitopes uniquely expressed by a patient’s tumor would prove to be an effective therapeutic strategy. With the advent of high-throughput next generation sequencing, it is now possible to rapidly identify these tumor-specific...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 03:00
Abstract Cytokine storm can result from cancer immunotherapy or certain infections, including COVID-19. Though short-term immune-related adverse events are routinely described, longer-term immune consequences and sequential immune monitoring are not as well defined. In 2006, six healthy volunteers received TGN1412, a CD28 superagonist antibody, in a first-in-man clinical trial and suffered from cytokine storm. After the initial cytokine release, antibody effect-specific immune...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 03:00
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