Association of Tympanostomy Tubes With Future Risk of Advanced Ear Surgery—A Population Study

Objective: To investigate future surgery for chronic ear disease in children who underwent tympanostomy tube (TT) placement, compared with non-surgically treated patients and healthy controls. Study Design: Retrospective population-based cohort study. Setting: All hospitals in the Canadian province of Ontario. Patients/Intervention: Of children aged 18 years and younger, three cohorts were constructed: 1) TT: patients who had undergone at least one TT procedure (n = 193,880), 2) No-TT: patients with recurrent physician visits for middle ear concerns who did not undergo TT (n = 203,283), and 3) Control: an age-sex matched control group who had not had TT or physician visits for recurrent middle ear concerns (n = 961,168). Main Outcome Measures: Risk, and odds ratios (ORs) of surgery for chronic ear disease. Results: The TT cohort had a higher risk of tympanoplasty (OR 9.50 versus No-TT, p 

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