Abstract
Background
: Antibiotics, while an essential component of supportive care in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT), can have adverse effects and select for antibiotic resistance. Understanding of patterns of use will inform antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions.
Methods
: Retrospective, single center cohort of children undergoing first allo-HCT (n = 125). Antibiotic prescription and infection data were included from the date conditioning was commenced until 30 days post allo-HCT. Antibiotic use was reported as length of therapy (LOT) (number days a patient received an antibiotic) and days of therapy (DOT (aggregating all antibiotics prescribed per day). Infections were classified as microbiologically documented (MDI) or clinically documented infections (CDI).
Results
: At least one course of antibiotics was administered to 124 (99%) patients. The LOT was 636 per 1000 patient days and DOT was 959 per 1000 patient days. The median duration of cumulative antibiotic exposure per patient was 24 days (inter-quartile range (IQR) 20 – 30 days). There were 131 days of fever per 1000 patient days with patients febrile for a median of four days (IQR 1–7 days). Piperacillin-tazobactam was used for 116 (94%) of patients with a LOT of 532 per 1000 patient days. A total of 119 MDI episodes occurred in 74 (59%) patients, including blood stream infection in 30 (24%) and a proven/probable invasive fungal infection in four (3%).
Conclusion
: Pediatric HCT patients receive prolonged courses of broad-spectrum antibiotics relative to the frequency of fever and bacterial infections. This study has identified opportunities for AMS intervention to improve outcomes for our HCT patients.
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