Patient specific 3D printed template for halo frame pin placement in post cranioplasty multiple skull bone defect patient

Patient specific 3D printed template for halo frame pin placement in post cranioplasty multiple skull bone defect patient: Rigid external distractor (RED) is used for midface advancement in craniofacial synostosis (Al-Namnam et al., 2018). Placement of halo frame is challenging especially in the patients with multiple skull defects due to previous cranioplasty procedures. Multiple skull defects remain even after successful healing of bone. RED fixation after Le Fort III osteotomy through skin itself is relatively a blind procedure and skull defects adds further complexity (Aizenbud et al., 2008). Safe pin placement is imperative as inner table perforation or positioning in areas of skull defect might lead to untoward consequences.