The effects of magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial

The effects of magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial:

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to determine the effects of magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). The current randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial was conducted among 57 patients with grade 3 DFU. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to take either 250 mg magnesium oxide plus 400 IU vitamin E (n=29) or placebo per day (n=28) for 12 weeks. Compared with the placebo, taking magnesium plus vitamin E supplements reduced ulcer length [β (difference in the mean of outcomes measures between treatment groups) ‐0.56 cm; 95% CI, ‐0.92, ‐0.20; P=0.003], width (β ‐0.35 cm; 95% CI, ‐0.64, ‐0.05; P=0.02) and depth (β ‐0.18 cm; 95% CI, ‐0.33, ‐0.02; P=0.02). In addition, co‐supplementation led to a significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (β ‐13.41 mg/dL; 95% CI, ‐20.96, ‐5.86; P=0.001), insulin (β ‐1.45 μIU/mL; 95% CI, ‐2.37, ‐0.52; P=0.003), insulin resistance (β ‐0.60; 95% CI, ‐0.99, ‐0.20; P=0.003) and HbA1c (β ‐0.32 %; 95% CI, ‐0.48, ‐0.16; P<0.003), and a significant elevation in insulin sensitivity (β 0.007; 95% CI, 0.003, 0.01; P<0.001) compared with the placebo. Additionally, compared with the placebo, taking magnesium plus vitamin E supplements decreased triglycerides (β ‐10.08 mg/dL; 95% CI, ‐19.70, ‐0.46; P=0.04), LDL‐cholesterol (β ‐5.88 mg/dL; 95% CI, ‐11.42, ‐0.34; P=0.03), high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) (β ‐3.42 mg/L; 95% CI, ‐4.44, ‐2.41; P<0.001) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (β ‐0.30 μmol/L; 95% CI, ‐0.45, ‐0.15; P<0.001), and increased HDL‐cholesterol (β 2.62 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.60, 4.63; P=0.01) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (β 53.61 mmol/L; 95% CI, 4.65, 102.57; P=0.03). Overall, magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation for 12 weeks to patients with DFU had beneficial effects on ulcer size, glycemic control, triglycerides, LDL‐ and HDL‐cholesterol, hs‐CRP, TAC and MDA levels.

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